Is online nikah valid in Pakistan?

Yes, online nikah is legally valid in Pakistan. Under Hanafi jurisprudence (the dominant school in Pakistan), the essential requirements for nikah are Ijab (offer), Qabool (acceptance), witnesses, and Mehr — none of which require physical co-presence. The Supreme Court of Pakistan has upheld the validity of nikah conducted via modern communication. The key requirements are: a licensed Nikah Khawan conducts the ceremony, at least two adult Muslim male witnesses participate, Mehr is agreed and recorded, the ceremony is documented on an official Nikah Nama, and the marriage is registered with the Union Council within 30 days as required by the MFLO 1961.